Business Ethics And Social Responsibility Management Essay

Business Ethics And Social Responsibility Management Essay Free enterprise is regularly said the most narrow minded financial framework yet what as a rule is overlooked is that the exceptionally base of private enterprise, the very establishment depends on morals, ethical quality and laws. Indeed the framework may appear to be reasonable yet inside that framework, there is the vital spot for utility and insurance of private property. This very actuality makes morals fundamental to the center belief system. It is uncalled for to take someone elses property (a regularly rehashed rule of free enterprise), one can not drive someone else to neutralize ones will (another temperance of private enterprise) , all point out to the extraordinary job morals has played in the field of business and trade. The entire current structure of business, business and exchange depends on the unwritten and frequently dubious standards of Ethics and good conduct. The point can well be taken forward by taking a gander at the idea of externalities in business today. The point will be clarified further by breaking down contextual analyses of individual organizations, today we live in an incorporated society where nobody individual is confined from the activities of the other. In the event that today steel organizations are delivering contamination, at that point they are welcoming difficulty on themselves since they are dirtying the earth they themselves take in. The unsafe impacts of contamination are worldwide. This absolutely is the idea of negative externalities. Morals order us not to dirty the earth, current government assistance Economics, guides us to precisely the same. Since we have built up a firm base for morals by utilization of current government assistance financial matters, we keep on characterizing what Business morals are and what does the term corporate social duty mean. Business morals (otherwise called corporate morals) is a type of applied morals or expert morals that analyzes moral standards and good or moral issues that emerge in a business situation. It applies to all parts of business direct and is pertinent to the lead of people and business associations all in all. Applied morals is a field of morals that manages moral inquiries in numerous fields, for example, clinical, specialized, lawful and business morals. Further the act of utilizing morals to settle on intense business choices is known as ethicism and is progressively picking up in prominence indicating the sort of consideration morals is getting today. Educator Reshma Prasad says that organizations can frequently increase super-ordinary benefits by acting in an unscrupulous manner however at some point or another such conduct has its negative effect too. Business morals can be both a regulating and an expressive order. As a corporate practice and a lifelong specialization, the field is principally regularizing. In the scholarly world expressive methodologies are likewise taken. The range and amount of business moral issues mirrors how much business is seen to be at chances with non-financial social qualities. Truly, enthusiasm for business morals quickened drastically during the 1980s and 1990s, both inside significant partnerships and inside scholarly world. For instance, today most major corporate sites lay accentuation on responsibility to advancing non-financial social qualities under an assortment of headings (for example morals codes, social obligation sanctions). Now and again, organizations have re-imagined their basic beliefs in the light of business moral contemplations. Sorts of Managerial Ethics Archie B. Carroll, a prominent specialist, recognized three kinds of the board morals, contingent upon the degree to which the choices were moral or good: moral administration flippant administration corrupt administration Kinds of Managerial Ethics 1) Moral administration Moral administration endeavors to follow moral standards and tenets. Moral directors work to prevail without abusing any moral guidelines. They try to succeed staying inside the limits of laws. Such directors attempt such exercises which guarantee that however they may participate in lawful and moral conduct, they likewise keep on making a benefit. The law ought to be followed in letter as well as in soul. Moral administrators consistently look to decide if their activities, conduct or choices are reasonable for themselves just as to every other partner included. Over the long haul, this methodology is probably going to be to the greatest advantage of the associations. 2) Amoral the executives This methodology is neither corrupt nor moral. Irreverent administration basically disregards moral contemplations. It is comprehensively arranged into two sorts purposeful and inadvertent. Deliberate irreverent directors don't contemplate moral issues while settling on choices or while making any move, on the grounds that in their recognition, general moral measures should just be relevant to the non-business everyday issues. Inadvertent flippant administrators, in any case, don't think about the ethical ramifications of their choices or activities. Irreverent chiefs seek after gainfulness as the main objective and give almost no consideration to the effect on any of their social partners. They don't prefer to meddle in their workers exercises, except if their conduct can prompt government impedance. The core value of irreverent administration is Within the rule that everyone must follow, will this activity, choice, or conduct assist us with bringing in cash? 3) Immoral administration Shameless administration overlooks moral worries as well as effectively restricts the moral conduct. Associations with unethical administration are portrayed by: Complete worry for benefits of the association as it were. Solid tendency to limit the consumption. Laws are viewed as obstacles that ought to be evacuated or dispensed with. Weight on benefits and association accomplishment at any expense. The fundamental rule overseeing corrupt administration is: Can we bring in cash with this Activity, choice, or conduct? Consequently, moral contemplations are unimportant. Coming now to corporate social duty. A conventional definition by Ravindran- CORPORATE social duty (CSR) is an idea that much of the time covers with comparative methodologies, for example, corporate supportability, corporate feasible turn of events, corporate obligation, and corporate citizenship. While CSR doesn't have a widespread definition, many consider it to be the private parts method of incorporating the monetary, social, and natural objectives of their exercises. CSR can be seen both in a positive light just as some are progressively doubtful about the endeavors that advanced firms embrace for the sake of CSR. Various associations have confined in the past various definitions, in spite of the fact that there is impressive shared opinion between them. For example, it is to a great extent concurred to a great extent that CSR is about how organizations deal with the business procedures to deliver a general positive effect on society. So by offsetting benefits with a general comprehension and consciousness of the short-and long haul results of an associations exercises on the earth and network, an organization can assist with guaranteeing that people in the future make the most of its items as well as nature. The paper will broadly dissect both the positive and negative impacts of CSR activities. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CSR. is an idea that expresses that associations, particularly partnerships, have a commitment to think about the interests of clients, representatives, investors, networks, and natural contemplations in all parts of their tasks. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a type of corporate self-guideline coordinated into the plan of action and everyday tasks of the organization. CSR strategy gives an automatic structure whereby a business screens and guarantees its adherence to law, moral gauges, natural standards and ethical quality. CSR is an idea that oftentimes covers with comparable methodologies, for example, corporate supportability, corporate obligation, corporate reasonable turn of events and corporate citizenship.In expansion to reconciliation into corporate structures and procedures, CSR additionally much of the time includes making creative and proactive answers for cultural and ecological difficulties, just as teaming up with both outside and interior partners to improve CSR execution. From a business point of view, CSR includes concentrating on new open doors as an approach to react to interrelated cultural, social and natural requests in the market. CSR isâ generallyâ seen as the business commitment to supportable advancement which has been characterized as improvement that addresses the issues of the present without trading off the capacity of people in the future to address their own issues, and is commonly comprehended concentrating on the most proficient method to accomplish the combination of ecological, financial and social objectives. CSR duties and exercises ordinarily address parts of an organizations conduct (counting its arrangements and practices) regarding such key components as; ecological insurance, wellbeing and security, human rights, network improvement, corporate administration and shopper assurance business morals, provider relations, work insurance, and partner rights Significance of Corporate Social Responsibility In the present corporate field each organization focuses on long haul, supported development for its business. How does the development direction of a business turns out to be long haul and continued ? This happens when in future the gracefully of clients is guaranteed. It is basic that the organization contributes now to guarantee this future flexibly of clients. Consequently, it is significant that the organization puts resources into the general public in light of the fact that from the general public structures the base from which its future clients will come. For long haul achievement, interest in the general public is the most gainful speculation an organization can make. Additionally, there is a checked change in the manner in which purchasers purchase their items and administrations. They take part in a social and moral review of the makers. They are anxious to know how the organization treats its representatives, regardless of whether the organization is delicate to cultural necessities, issues and so forth. An organization

Hsc Belonging Peter Skrzynecki and Ben Heine

Contact and Consumer Law Insensitive External Market

Question: Portray about the Contact and Consumer Law for Insensitive External Market. Answer: Unconscionable direct Which means At the point when a business direct is excessively brutal or harsh toward outer market powers in a way that it conflicts with moral set of principles, at that point, that specific activity of an association is announced as unconscionable lead. It is required for the business endeavors to maintain a strategic distance from such direct in order to get excluded from any disciplinary activities underneath Australian Consumer Law. The idea isn't characterized in a particular way since it is a consequence of alterations and up degree of guidelines with respect to business direct. At the point when certain cases showed up before the court, new laws and wards have been passed to offer impact to such issues. Be that as it may, it has been alluded to as a lead which is abusive to clients or contenders of an association. It is additionally supposed to be uncalled for, yet a business activity to be pronounced as unconscionable, it ought to be more than out of line. According to the locales from Australian courts, those business tasks which include conscious wrongdoing against heart are proclaimed as unconscionable behaviors (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2015). Media discharge: Lux was requested to take care of $ 370,000 punishment for unconscionable lead Outline of the realities Lux Distributors Pty. Ltd. seen as occupied with unconscionable lead during the period somewhere in the range of 2009 and 2011. It was gotten to work against the area 21 of the Australian Consumer Law. Its direct likewise broke the enactments of segment 51AB of the Trade Practices Act, 1974. The organization was seen as associated with an unconscionable direct in the aspect of managing five matured individuals in regards to offer of vacuum cleaners. One of the companys salesmen called a few ladies in their premises by saying that the organization is sans offering support to its clients. In this plan, they will give free upkeep administration for their vacuum cleaners. The ladies were pressurized to buy new vacuum cleaners by unjustifiable deals strategies (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2015). Consequences of the arraignment The organization was indicted by ACCC in May 2012. Be that as it may, in February 2013, the organization was excluded from the case since Justice Jessup pronounced the organization to be guiltless. Yet, the case was additionally introduced in Federal Court by ACCC for three clients. At that point, in August 2013, the organization was proclaimed to be occupied with unconscionable direct in setting of those three clients. The court requested the organization to take care of punishment for this unfortunate behavior worth $370,000. The sum contains fines forced in regards to penetrate of all the different Acts and laws. The court announced that clients ought to be engaged through moral set of accepted rules, genuineness and a reasonable business ought to be directed without misleading them. It additionally confined the organization to participate in such exercises in future. It asked Lux Distributors Pty. Ltd. to present a preparation and instruction program for its representatives so th ey can comprehend the need of consistence to morals (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2015). Remarks The realities found in this media discharge, notwithstanding its outcomes and suggestions on the organization saw as enjoyed unconscionable direct are probably going to match with the discoveries given in part 3 and section 10 of reading material. Subsequently, the above given realities and results bolster the segments of course reading. Job of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), is answerable for checking reasonable exchange rehearses and conscionable direct of business activities in the market. It additionally keeps a mind rivalry winning in the market and ensure that solid rivalry wins among advertise players so customers, business ventures and the whole network everywhere can be profited. They additionally hold responsibility to force guidelines on administrations identified with national foundation. The most basic duty of ACCC is to ensure that business endeavor, their workers and much different partners should carefully conform to all the laws given by Australian enactment in regards to serious methodologies, reasonable exchanging practices and shopper assurance guidelines. The moral standards in regards to such direct are recorded in the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010. ACCC is a legal association of Australia which additionally expect the job of controller in following regions. Above all else, it watches that business firms conform to all the standards of Part IV, IVA, V, VA of the Trade Practices Act and the Prices Surveillance Act. It likewise has some reciprocal jobs in consistence of different enactments like Broadcasting Services Act, 1992; Australian Postal Corporation Act, 1989; Telecommunications Act, 1991. The Commission chiefly regulates the issues identified with reasonable exchange rehearses, serious systems impeding to clients or market, value fixing, advertise sharing, blacklists, abuse of market power, selective dealings, resale value upkeep, refusal to flexibly, authorisation, unconscionable lead, hostile to serious mergers, shopper assurance and implementation of punishments (Spier, 2005). Thus, it very well may be reasoned that ACCC conveys an administrative job and is very huge for the Australian economy. Its job is basic in businesses like broadcast communications and vitality and keeps a beware of their opposition arrangements. The Commission advances rivalry and guidelines submit hand(Spier, 2005). Article audit: Mobile Phones-deluding and beguiling behavior Rundown of the realities This media discharge is about an Australian organization named Moore Talk interchanges Pty. Ltd. which is in the matter of broadcast communications and cell phones from the city of Brisbane. The organization is recorded in Australian Stock trade with the name of MT Marketing. It directed a national crusading program outside Brisbane for selling during the period between February 1999 and October 1999. This advertising effort had a fundamental study for which potential clients of the companys items were reached by means of phone. They were approached to participate in a review. To draw in an attractive measure of social affair, they offered free advanced cell phones to the fortunate clients who will be chosen toward the finish of the overview. While conversing with the clients at telephone, they were approached to give their agree quickly to go to the battling and overview process. On the off chance that any client shows premium, he/she will have a call from another sales rep of MT Ma rketing Campaign. The client will be informed that he/she is the fortunate customer of the organization to get a cell phone liberated from cost as a blessing from the companys premises. The subtleties will be given to them by means of fax and an arrangement for how to get to their blessing from close by stores. In any case, the bend was that the client will get the receipt of cell phone just on the off chance that he consents to join with an entrance plan of the organization. On the off chance that client offers his agree to hint up for the arrangement, a report will be sent to him/her by means of fax to be agreed upon. Be that as it may, the organization authorities didn't give any terms and conditions with respect to the arrangement before marking. This was suspected by Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. They intuited that the organization is associated with deceiving and misleading exercises against clients and may antagonistically affect 2000 of them. Consequences of the arraignment This deceptive and beguiling arrangement of the organization constrained Federal Court to arrange it to get assent orders from the court before further proceeding with the arrangement. Subsequently, the Federal Court requested the organization to stop their lead of deceiving clients to a quick impact. It likewise included that if MT Marketing needs to proceed with their crusade they should give an appropriate draft to its customers plainly expressing all the terms and states of the entrance plan before requesting that the clients sign the agreement. Segment 87B of the Act likewise upheld certain necessities for the organization. It requested that the organization have an inside audit of the entirety of its exercises and procedures. It additionally implemented moral exchange practice consistence for the organization. These guidelines and examination against the organization show that rules are severe in setting of phone salespeople that all the data, terms and conditions with respect to agreement ought to be conveyed to customer forthright (Enright, 2001). Remarks Considering the above expressed synopsis of the realities and the outcomes in regards to offense and tricky exercises of organizations, it seems to help the clarification given in part 10 of the course reading. Contextual investigation of an Australian organization Computershare Limited The fundamental organization of this contextual investigation is from data innovation industry named as Computershare Limited which is an open organization in Australia. It works in different nations offering administrations in the zones of corporate trust (it goes about as a guardian substance for its corporate customers and works to their greatest advantage), moving loads of clients to different customers and getting ready representatives investment opportunity plans for different organizations. Right now, the organization is having its activities in 20 nations which incorporate Australia, UK, US, South Africa, Canada, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Denmark, Germany, and so forth. Potential lawful debates of the organization Cheats and deceptive direct: The Company under investigation goes about as a guardian body, which means acting in wellbeing of the customer. In the event that it includes in fakes and give bogus data to its customers, it will be hurtful for them. Thus, it will be proclaimed as unconscionable lead. Blessing giving tricks: In a showcasing program, offering endowments to clients and beguiling them to go into contracts without imparting the provisions of the agreement. Pay off: Offering a few focal points to customers to give them business or to government authorities requesting certain authorizations and awards

Human Resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource the executives - Essay Example In this period of globalization and authoritative incorporation, receiving specific recruiting techniques is important to accomplish an enormous upper hand over adversaries. The representatives are relied upon to add to broad item advancement and procedure cycles, in which human asset assumes a cardinal job for progress (Bergwerk, 1988; Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). An obliged work showcase in certain economies makes a weight on HR experts to select the most-effective team. Time turns into a difficult factor in setting up a sound and effective interior enlistment framework (Beaumont and Hunter, 1992; Hallier, 2001; Henderson, 2011; Beaumont and Hunter, 1992). These days, segment moves across various economies are making issues of getting the proficient work power and the selecting proper labor. The issues of wearing down and removal of workforce happen consistently. This prompts a high turn-over and deficiency of capable competitors, to be held for quite a while in organizations. The motivation behind the current examination is to explore the enlistment and determination rehearses used in an overwhelming assembling part of the UK. Knowing the great staffing rehearses by the HR division in an association, it is important to secure representatives with great scholastic record, information, abilities and mentality (Belbin, 1981; Bergwerk, 1988; Cook, 2009). This methodology brings about higher efficiency from even more up to date representatives in an association. In this manner, thinking about the enrollment and staffing rehearses, especially for an assembling segment, ought to be utilized as a continuous practice in associations (Beaumont and Hunter, 1992; Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). This paper consequently starts with patterns in the high worth assembling work market of the UK and pushes forward to distinguish the holes in the framework. Based on the case investigation of an overwhelming diesel gear fabricating organization in UK, Cummis, this

Jazz Concert Report

Chapter by chapter guide Introduction Effects of Performance on the Mind Moods and Expectations Improvisation Interaction during Performance Conclusion Works Cited Introduction As a classification of music, Jazz has been hard to characterize comparative with different types of music. This trouble emerges because of its ever-advancing nature that permits it to obtain from different classes and circuit diverse melodic styles yet keeping up its identity.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Jazz Concert explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jazz has been related to its source in America as a dark man’s music because of its root with the dark American who created it and utilized it as a device for personality. The contrast among jazz and other music kinds is that each jazz artist typically thinks of their own style and creation through the beats and course of action of the diverse melodic keys. Despite the fact that individuals recognize it as a stra ightforward music that can be effectively tuned in and followed by any person with no melodic foundation, it likewise comes out as an exceptionally mind boggling sort of music because of the manner in which the beats are masterminded and played out. Tuning in to jazz makes various types of emotions in a person. The paper presents a depiction of jazz music dependent on a show execution I joined in. Impacts of Performance on the Mind Listening to jazz execution gives various sentiments to the audience relying upon the sort of jazz music being played and the state of mind of the individual audience. Tuning in to soul jazz leaves a totally different inclination inside an individual on account of the manner in which the music plays to the ears and the brain of the person. At the point when jazz is played, it removes all the consideration of the person. Subsequently, one can focus on each and every beat that is being played. The uniqueness of jazz to the brain comes to fruition from the i dea of many jazz structures, which are one of a kind to every individual author (Stolz 2). In the wake of tuning in to a spirit jazz execution, the author finds that there was smoothness from the start in the brain of the essayist as he continued tuning in to the underlying beats while attempting to associate the musicality of the particular play. This realized the tranquility of psyche that is generally connected with inward harmony. One component about jazz music is that it takes few seconds of a person to get the musicality and the beats before the person can begin getting a charge out of the music. In this manner, it expects one to be mindful from the outset, in this way calling the audience to close everything else to give the wholes phase of the psyche to the music. Going to tune in to a jazz execution, the essayist didn't have any foreordained responses anticipated from the music other than to tune in and doubtlessly appreciate the night. In the performed piece, the principle instruments were the Hammond organ, drums, and the tenor saxophone (Longuet-Higgins and Lee 427).Advertising Looking for report on craftsmanship and structure? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When played, the Hammond organ achieved a quiet atmosphere that would be disturbed by the saxophone to draw the consideration of the crowd to the work being done on the stage. At the point when soul jazz is played out, it makes a nostalgic state of mind that helps the essayist to remember some past snapshots of life. It makes a world of fond memories that one strolls through as the beats play out. The monotonic beat of drums holds the entire a world of fond memories story as the saxophone drives the brain. Mind-sets and Expectations The desires for the author influenced his state of mind when he left the show. While he expected to tune in to music, the feeling that came out of the exhibition was extremely unwinding. It gave some psych e inciting contemplations as the essayist attempted to backtrack the presentation later on. The author left the show increasingly loosened up comparative with when he came in light of the fact that the nature of music that came out because of impromptu creation was stunning. Watching a jazz show is one of a kind in its own particular manner as a result of the way the crowd commendations after any piece has been performed. This created fervor inside the essayist as he understood the sharing of a similar inclination with different individuals from the crowd (Kamin 285). The author came out of the show in an energized soul by feeling upbeat about how he had invested his energy by keeping up the incentive for his cash. Subsequent to having gone to other music shows previously, jazz execution was extraordinary in its own specific manner on account of the component of shock that would originate from the presentation. Though different shows were unsurprising as it were, the jazz show was e ntirely capricious because of spontaneous creation by the individual entertainers. The capacity to remix some old pieces with beats from various foundations while keeping up the character of the first piece was astounding. It left the author amped up for how great music can be. Act of spontaneity Improvisation in music can be portrayed as the formation of unique works progressively as the entertainer belts out the presentation in front of an audience. As Johnson-Laird clarifies, â€Å"Improvisation relies upon the capacity to improvise new songs that fit the chord† (415). During the show, the day’s execution was Gershwin’s version. The act of spontaneity beat was accomplished through the drums, which were played in an arbitrary cadence that unmistakably was not part of the scrip, however was imbued in the entire piece and fitted in as though it had been practiced. The energizing piece about impromptu creation is clear when the player does it uniquely or when the entire gathering is doing it. This strategy was so energizing because of the capacity of entertainers to monitor the entire execution and additionally leave the impromptu creation without losing their beat. Spontaneous creation for this situation achieved energy in the author. It drove the author to attempt to murmur along the beat as he monitored the beat. The most captivating thing about act of spontaneity is that it is flighty and that solitary the entertainer has an idea about what will happen next.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Jazz Concert explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This left the essayist befuddled at certain minutes in light of the fact that the eccentrics of the beats could without much of a stretch set in with another tune, along these lines losing everybody track. This style is the thing that makes jazz special when contrasted with different types of music in light of the fact that the songs need to fit with the harmony gro uping (Johnson-Laird 415). Act of spontaneity prompts the implantation of various music strategies as entertainers happen during the show. During the act of spontaneity segment of the music, provocative skill drew my consideration most as it slice plainly through the scripted exhibition to draw out a bizarre beat in the introduction. The beat was stronger comparative with all the others other than being increasingly forceful to the ears. This was generally done utilizing the saxophone and the Hammond Organ. Barrett depicts this method of act of spontaneity as â€Å"interrupting propensity patterns† (607). Despite the fact that spontaneous creation is normally irregular, specialists accept that most entertainers depend on stock expressions that they trust with the goal that their exhibitions don't risk getting garbled. The presentation imitated Ronny Scott’s ad lib styles by utilizing the saxophone more. The style was then supported by the practiced beats from different instruments for the presentation to keep up its practiced track. Harmony replacements were likewise utilized in execution to accomplish beat changes as a spontaneous creation method. As indicated by Hodson, this procedure can be followed back to the 1963 exhibition by Thelonious Monk’s â€Å"Rhythm A Ning† (68). This type of spontaneous creation achieved scholarly incitement because of its intricate nature. A few bits of impromptu creation can be portrayed as basic while others need high specialized capacities for the entertainer to accomplish them, therefore verging on scholarly abilities. Collaboration during Performance Jazz execution is typically a group play. Accordingly, it requires the cooperation between entertainers themselves just as the connection between the entertainers and crowd. After watching this jazz execution at a neighborhood club, it unfurled out as all other jazz exhibitions. From the outset, the entertainers focused on their individual instrumen ts as they presented the exhibition gradually. Now, connection between the gathering and the crowd was insignificant. Actually, it changed as the beats began climbing. The center of the presentation introduced the connection between entertainers as saxophonist moved to where the drummer was situated to play as they moved to the mood made by the saxophone. This made a type of correspondence between entertainers as their info kept on expanding with the rhythm. Simultaneously, as the exhibition continued picking. The crowd also took care of business as some of them began moving to the tune and extolling the exhibition. This prodded the entertainers to go to the crowd with the saxophonist utilizing the versatile capacity to move into the group as it played. Commendation from the group basically energized the entertainers increasingly more as the show hit a crescendo with the entertainers playing more aggressively.Advertising Searching for report on workmanship and structure? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Kamin analyzes the response of the crowd in a jazz execution with that of a stone exhibition where he discovers that the two exhibitions are comparative concerning collaboration (280). While a stone exhibition has a ton of vitality, the crowd’s response is relative to the vitality of the presentation. If there should arise an occurrence of the jazz execution I joined in, the group continued swinging as indicated by the beats and mood. Each and every piece had the group extolling toward the end while the entertainers consistently had an expression of thanksgiving. Another way the entertainers utilized as a communicating mode

Essay Writing Topics For School Students

Essay Writing Topics For School StudentsWhether you are an adult or a teenager, there are plenty of essay writing topics for school students. These include: health, relationships, school subjects, reading comprehension, creativity, history, science, and much more. If you are aiming to write a paper for school and your class is already full of different topics, you may want to prepare a writing outline so that you can prepare the right topic that will make it easy for you to learn. Here are some ways you can prepare an outline for your paper so that you can properly organize your thoughts.The first thing you have to do is to choose the topic. After all, this is what will help you in making a structured research on how to write a certain type of essay. Be very careful about choosing the topic because this may determine how well you will be able to make the topic interesting for the audience. Make sure that it is related to what you expect the essay to address. For example, if you are w riting about your class' history, you may want to choose topics on famous characters and events from the past.After that, you have to decide what you want to write on the first part of your paper. Do you want to start with the history, the relationship, or something else? If you want to write on history, your initial topic will be titled History: What Does It All Mean?After that, you can move onto the different aspects of the history such as the background of the people, the sources of information, the ruling families, the current government, and the historical events that occurred. You can also write about the people who were influential in making the changes in the country. This will help you understand their achievements and characteristics, and how they can be considered as having been important in the development of a certain society.In order to understand the world around you, you must be able to develop your presentation skills. In other words, your topic should be related to topics that are used for creative thinking. Do not just write your topic based on reading comprehension; the point is to find the right way to present your material so that it will grab the attention of the audience.After you have decided the basic topic of your paper, the next step is to choose the area of the paper that will focus on the school subjects. There are lots of topics to choose from and each one will be ideal for your students. For example, you can choose topics like: English, math, science, social studies, and other subjects. Depending on the overall subject area, you will need to choose which of them you want to focus on.Finally, you can also decide on the order of the topics and which subject matter to focus on first. This is necessary if you plan to write a thesis on the school subjects. After you have decided on the order, you can then choose the topics according to the order in which they were introduced during the class discussion.These are the basics you have t o keep in mind when you are planning your essay writing topics for school students. You should always remember that every topic is a learning experience for yourself and for the reader.

A Lesson Before Dying A Significant Symbol Of Hope - 1100 Words

A Lesson Before Dying: A Significant Symbol Of Hope (Essay Sample) Content: Students NameProfessorCourseDateA Lesson before DyingThe church is a significant symbol of hope and contradiction in A Lesson before Dying. The contradiction of the church, situated in Henri Pichots plantation, commences with its owners reluctance to enhance the lives of the African Americans who reside in his plantation. Henri believes that that the African Americans ought to remain in their status as slaves regardless of the abolishment of the slavery institution (Piacentino 73-85). Henri, through the church, possesses considerable powers over the African Americans who utilize his property, and this illustrates the contradiction that is present in the lives of the African Americans. The church is the one place that they should find peace, solace and support, but in this case it is the one place that is utilized to realize the exact opposite. Albeit the African Americans have liberty from slavery, they still have to rely on the resource provided by the White American s for their survival (Gaines 12). Grant is the only educated African American in the section, and the only member of the African American society who might be considered able of becoming free from oppression. However, his career and life choices are critically restricted, and he has to address to white male authority figures as Sir. It is interesting that they are free but still some individuals do not want them to be autonomous. Henri has seen a loophole which he is utilizing to still treat them as if they are slaves. They are free in theory, but not free in reality. The church is vital to the lives of African American owing to the fact that it offers them a station where they can come together and worship on Sundays (Piacentino 78-85).Key people in the church assist to reinforce the symbolization of the churchs contradiction. Case in point, Reverend Ambrose, the self-righteous and fiery leader of the African American community in the novel, teaches that believing in God guards bel ievers from repression. This is contradictory considering that at the time, most of the African Americans were being oppressed and one of them; Jefferson, was awaiting execution (Piacentino 78-85). The Reverend considers Grant foolish for abandoning his religion and that his influence on Jefferson would be sinful since he did not follow the ways of the church to the latter, owing to the reality that he was an agnostic. This strife reaches a head the moment Grand purchases a radio for Jefferson, which the elders in the black society considered sinful. The Reverend becomes worried that Grant was not teaching Jefferson regarding God, and, therefore, begins to visit him frequently. Jefferson frustrates all the attempts by Ambrose to interact with him prior to his execution. Reverend Ambrose approaches Grant regarding Jefferson, requesting him to assist him to teach Jefferson regarding God since his attempts were futile, and Grant was the only person that Jefferson was free enough with t o open up to (Piacentino 78-85). Albeit he initially attempts to frustrate Grant from reaching out to him, Jefferson eventually opens up to him, and they remain friends until Jefferson is executed. Reverend Ambrose is disturbed with such association, and he implores Grant to save his soul by abandoning his agnostic convictions. Nevertheless, the Reverend indicates that lying is essential for the survival of the African Americans. He states that he is aware that Grant looks down on him for lying, and he admits that he does lie so as relieve peoples suffering. Additionally, he states that people lie to themselves and others so as to make life bearable (Piacentino 78-85). This goes against the precepts of the Bible that are intended to guide him in his endeavors as Gods messenger.Another contradiction with the church is that it segregates the African Americans from the White Americans. All men are even in the sight of God, and the church ought to reflect this quality. Nevertheless, onl y the African Americans attend the church in Henris plantation while the White Americans have their own churches (Gaines 15). The church is illustrated as a place where racial discrimination is rife, and this goes against the purpose of a church within a society. The White Americans are indifferent to Jeffersons impending execution. The story in the book commences with the murder of Mr. Grope by two black men. Jefferson, who was an innocent bystander, was charged with and convicted of the murder. There was no substantial evidence that linked him to the crime. His mere proximity at the scene of the crime as an African American individual had him accused of committing the crime (Gaines 3-6). Only individuals from the African Americans were the ones who seemed concerned about his situation, and they are also the ones who tried to comfort him in the course of the process. Only Deputy Paul Bonin was the only individual from the White American society, who perhaps may have empathized with Jefferson and his community. The fact that almost none of the White Americans was interested in rescuing Jefferson from his situation indicates the racial inequality that was present in the community. The churchs failure to save the community makes it lose its ground. Even though those who attended the White Americans church read from the same Bible as those who attended the African American church, only those from the African Americans are the ones who seem to have realized the fault with Jeffersons execution.Albeit the church in A Lesson before Dying illustrates several contradictions, it is...

Physician Assisted Suicide Is A Human Right - 1809 Words

â€Å"Death with dignity is a human right: to retain control until the very end and, if the quality of your life is too poor, to decide to end your suffering; the dignity comes from exercising the choice† 1 Have you ever had to watch a loved one suffer, with no chance of recovery? Cancer, and other fatal diseases take the lives of people we love every day. It’s hard to sit by and watch someone suffering when they are ready to let go. Think about an animal who is terminal and in pain, the only reason we would keep them alive would be based on our own selfishness. To keep a person alive when they are terminally ill and ready to let go is inhumane. For this reason, an adult suffering from a terminal illness should have say over their own destiny, and physician-assisted suicide should be legalized throughout the country. â€Å"Physician-assisted suicide differs from euthanasia, which is defined as the act of assisting people with their death in order to end their suffering, but without the backing of a controlling legal authority.† 2 Physician-assisted suicide gives the legal authority to a physician who can prvide a patient with a lif ending dose of pills. A terminally ill patient first makes the decision to end their life. After required documentation, a doctor will administer a lethal dose of pills, and the patient is able to take them and end their life at the time that they see fit. This practice is currently legal in 6 states; Washington, Oregon, California, Vermont, Montana, andShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics of Euthanasia Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesmisery, however in the state of North Carolina, physician-assisted suicide is illegal. Luckily, her father passed away this year and is finally free of pain and suffering. However, if physician-assisted suicide was legal, her father would not have had to suffer as long as he did. Before we explore the sides of physician-assisted suicide, let’s go over exactly what physician-assisted suicide entails. When the topic of physician-assisted suicide comes up, many individuals believe it is the sameRead MoreThe Rights Of Physician Assisted Suicide1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Right to Die By: Antony Makhlouf Antony Makhlouf PHR 102-006 Contemporary Moral Issues Final Paper The Right to Die Physician-assisted suicide, also known as euthanasia, has been a hot topic as of late. If you do not know what this is, physician-assisted suicide is the taking of ones life. This usually occurs when a patient is in a irreversible state, and must live through a tube. With multiple cases occurring in the past, current and the more to occur the in the future, this looksRead MoreThe Right to Commit Physician-Assisted Suicide1685 Words   |  7 PagesThe Right to Commit Physician-Assisted Suicide Physician-assisted suicide is suicide by a patient facilitated by means or information (as a drug prescription or indication of the lethal dosage) provided by a physician who is aware of how the patient intends to use such means or information (â€Å"Physician-assisted suicide†). Physician-assisted suicide should be accessible to the incurably ill patient. Allowing a patient to have this freedom could, for one, bypass tremendous pain and suffering.Read MorePhysician Assisted Suicide is NOT Ethical Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesIs physician assisted suicide morally right? This has been a controversial subject for some time now. People are wondering whether or not it is the most humane thing to do. If dogs can be putdown, why not people? The reason is in that question. They are people. Every life is important, no matter how long it may be. Instead of finding a way to get rid of people faster, the government could put those efforts in something more positive. If other people are considering whether or not the patients’ lifeRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1629 Words   |  7 Pagespeacefully is a valuable option that every human should be able to make for themselves. For those with terminal illnesses or major health problems, assisted suicide creates options to reduce the amount of suffering the patient must enduring. Dying with dignity could be beneficial for not only the person who is dying, but also the person’s family and loved ones. This option, however, is often viewed as unethical and immoral throughout society. Physician-assisted suicide offers an option for those with healthRead MorePros And Cons Of Assisted Suicide1743 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is assisted suicide? Merriam-Webster lists assisted suicide as â€Å"suicide committed by someone with assistance from another† (Assisted Suicide, n.d.). Particularly by a licensed health care provider/physician willing to participate and authorized by the stat e. The physician will assist with, in administering an approved prescription drug and a lethal dosage. Assisted suicide acts upon the legal request and approval of state law and patient request for the reasons of a terminal condition in orderRead MoreLegalizing Physician Assisted Suicide1140 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent society, legalizing physician assisted suicide is a prevalent argument. In 1997, the Supreme Court recognized no federal constitutional right to physician assisted suicide (Harned 1) , which defines suicide as one receiving help from a physician by means of a lethal dosage (Pearson 1), leaving it up to state legislatures to legalize such practice if desired. Only Oregon and Washington have since legalized physician assisted suicide. People seeking assisted suicide often experience slanted judgmentsRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Is physician assisted suicide ethical? Physician assisted suicide is an up and coming ethical question that examines a person’s right to their own death. Many people support physician assisted suicide, citing that it can save a lot of pain and suffering. Others claim that the concept of physician assisted suicide is a slippery slope. A slippery slope in the sense that if society accepts euthanasia as a rightful death for the terminally ill, they will potentially acceptRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Allowed?895 Words   |  4 PagesShould physicians be allowed to help patients determine the timing and circumstances of their death? The â€Å"right to die† debate is a very sensitive and complex issue in modern culture. While suicide is a legal act in the United States, assisted suicide is not. Opinions on the subject are shaped by countless factors such as ethical issues, social issues, and primarily religious issues. Many people are opposed to the legaliza tion of physician assisted suicide for â€Å"moral† reasons, however, legalizationRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Morally Permissible1663 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician assisted suicide should be morally permissible. Patients who are in constant suffering and pain have the right to end their misery at their own discretion. This paper will explore my thesis, open the floor to counter arguments, explain my objections to the counter arguments, and finally end with my conclusion. I agree with Brock when he states that the two ethical values, self-determination and individual well-being, are the focal points for the argument of the ethical permissibility of

Center For Applied Linguistics What Is An Assessment...

Center for Applied Linguistics What is an assessment portfolio? An assessment portfolio is a compilation of a student s authentic work over a particular period. The assessment portfolio allows for identifying growth in a concise package. The collection of work includes grading guidelines, the rational for the evaluations chosen, and allow for self-awareness. What are the advantages of assessment portfolio systems for ELLs? The portfolio of assessment allows students to guide their personal, academic goals by composing academic evidence of their abilities. A portfolio allows a visual understanding of accomplishments each ELL student has achieved. It allows for an open grading scale. The collection of work allows students to have the input of the academic success.The ideology of the collection of work encompasses positive attributes that allow students another positive interaction throughout their academic day. What are the challenges of assessment portfolios? Portfolios of any type require an extensive amount of time and organization, especially depending on classroom size. There may be limitations to the value of an assessment portfolio. A factor of these constraints may include the view of bias (positive or negative) from the educator perception of the child s growth and potential. The fact that materials listed in the documentation are not based on standardized testing models lack credibility for some school districts. I have questions dealing with classShow MoreRelated The Issue with Traditional Testing Methods Essay3581 Words   |  15 Pagesplace in a non-discriminatory manner, adjustments must be made. According to the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), â€Å"Alternative assessment is any form of measuring what students know and are able to do other than traditional standardized tests. Alternative forms of assessment include portfolios that are collections of stu dents work over time, performance-based assessments, and other means of testing students such as open-ended essays with no single correct answer, and project work thatRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 PagesIntelligences Seminar/Workshop Content Outline: PART I – Explanation 1. What is the theory of multiple intelligences (M.I.)? 2. How does this theory differ from the traditional definition of intelligence? 3. What do multiple intelligences have to do with my classroom? 4. How has M.I. theory developed since it was introduced in 1983? 5. Who are the critics of this theory and what do they say? 6. What are some benefits of using the multiple intelligences approach in my schoolRead MoreConducting Action Research in the Foreign Language Classroom3273 Words   |  14 PagesNortheast Conference 1998 New York, NY Anna Uhl Chamot Sarah Barnhardt Susan Dirstine Materials Contributor: Jennifer Kevorkian National Capital Language Resource Center 2011 Eye Street NW Suite 200 Washington, DC 20006 THE NATIONAL CAPITAL LANGUAGE RESOURCE CENTER GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY/ THE CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS/ THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY NORTHEAST CONFERENCE 1998 CONDUCTING ACTION RESEARCH Foreign language teachers develop insights into their students’ learning from observingRead MorePortfolio Integrative Essay : Portfolio3159 Words   |  13 Pages Portfolio Integrative Essay Summative Evaluation. Kendra Andersson Simpson University CP6410- Seminar and Capstone Patsy Shealy, PhD, LMFT July 24, 2015 Portfolio Integrative Essay Summative Evaluation. In this final essay for the Portfolio Capstone Project, I will demonstrate my ability to integrate the knowledge and skills I have acquired during this program. This writing will include a brief written demonstration of each competencies using preselected prompts. The followingRead MoreMisconceptions on Learner Autonomy: a Methodological and Conceptual Renewal4972 Words   |  20 Pageslearner-centered approaches. As the learner has become the center of the foreign language teaching, autonomy has been attributed to the learner as one of the essential capabilities that a learner should have. Learners are the ones who are in charge of learning. To motivate learners in language education can happen only if the learners can learn on their own as well as the cooperation with teachers and their peers. Thus learner autonomy as applied to language learning means students’ taking more controlRead MoreUnderstanding 21st Century Skills† in English Language Classrooms3761 Words   |  16 Pagesmain thrust of this movement is to make learners a productive contributors to upcoming society, for this it is necessary for the teachers to enable the learners to quickly learn the core content of a field of knowledge while also mastering a broad portfolio of essentials in learning, innovation, technology, and careers skills needed for work and life. Through multimodal activities, students will explore key elements of design such as color, shape, size, texture, density, and layout to understand andRead MoreDual Language4991 Words   |  20 Pages Table of Contents Abstract 2 Features of Dual Language Education Programs 4 Assessment and Accountability 6 Curriculum 6 Instruction 7 Staff Quality 10 Professional Development 12 Program Structure 14 Family and Community 16 Support and Resources 17 Conclusion 18 References 20 Abstract What is Dual language? Dual language is a form of bilingual education that teaches students, as young as pre-kRead More2010 Secondary Education Curriculum in English6955 Words   |  28 Pagesfunctional literacy. This became a primary consideration in the design of the curriculum and the formulation of standards and the essential understandings from which the content of the curriculum was derived. The results of national and international assessments were reviewed and analyzed for their implications for teaching and learning. The findings were used to further tighten the standards and improve the delivery of the curriculum and the teaching-learning process. The results of the evaluation of theRead MoreStrategic Information Systems Planning (Literature Review)8531 Words   |  35 Pages3.1 Inverted U- curve: Law of diminishing returns 3.2 Optimization of planning process 4. Factors influencing decision-making 4.1 Environmental factors 4.1.1 SISP Performance in an uncertain environment 4.1.2 Environmental assessment in strategic information systems planning 4.1.2.1 Hypotheses Testing 4.1.3 Uncertainty in SISP Due To Environmental Factors 4.2 SIS and Its Interface with the CEO 4.3 Alignment of SISP with Corporate Strategy Read MoreCommunicative Language Teaching15330 Words   |  62 PagesTeaching Today is distributed with permission from SEAMEO Regional Language Centre and is part of the Portfolio series by SEAMEO Regional Language Centre which holds the copyright to this material. First published 2006 Printed in the United States of America isbn-13 978-0-521-92512-9 paperback Book layout services: Page Designs International Table of Contents Introduction 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 What Is Communicative Language Teaching? The Background to CLT 6 Classroom Activities in Communicative Language

Abnormal Behaviors - 889 Words

1. Your uncle consumes a quart of whiskey per day; he has trouble remembering the names of those around him. Drinking alcohol in some limit may be considered as normal behavior. However, since drinking quarter of whiskey clearly effects brain and bodily functions, we can say this behavior is abnormal. Possible diagnoses would be substance use disorders. One can be drunk after he or she got divorced, however this is not a sign of mental disorder. However, it is clear that my uncle suffers from every day drinking habit. Additionally, if my uncle has trouble remembering the names around him, this indicates that there is an abnormality in brain functions related to memory. We may need to know if he remembers the names in normal times and if†¦show more content†¦This behavior cannot be considered as normal in any condition. There are no cultural differences in such disorder, she will have be diagnosed with same disorder in all countries. 3. Your neighbor has vague physical complaints and sees 2-3 doctors a month. This behavior is abnormal. As in Freud’s Anna O. case (Barlow, Durand, 2012) my neighbor have hysterical symptoms. When normal people are sick, they usually have one or two complains regarding to an illness and once this illness diagnosed, treatment process starts. There is no need to go doctors to doctors. Therefore my neighbor is not seeking to become healthy again, instead he or she seeking to get attention. Additional information may be needed to make sure if he or she has really histrionic personality disorder. How long this behavior continues? Is she or he showing other abnormal behavior such as drinking a lot of pills and worrying and talking about other illnesses? This behavior is normal if she or he has chronic illnesses such as cancer or AIDS. From cultural perspective, I believe there should not be any different to diagnose such behavior. 4. Your neighbor sweeps, washes, and scrubs his driveway daily. This is an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder unless his driveway gets dirty everyday. Additional information can be gathered by clinical interview and questioning the person about his other behaviors and cognitive process. In normal conditions, nobody sweepsShow MoreRelatedAbnormal Human Behavior946 Words   |  4 PagesIn reflecting on the above outlined competency, I found myself thinking, without the existence of abnormal human behavior, my life would not have been as interesting as it currently is. Throughout my adolescent years, primarily through observing others consistently, I was able to develop a profound interest and dedicated pensive thoughts into understanding the cognition and behaviors of human beings. As such, I would spend hours weekly, trying to understand why individuals think differently, seekRead MoreFactors for Abnormal Behavior. 1798 Words   |  8 Pagesfactors influence abnormal behavior? †¢ Biological †¢ Genetic predisposition (e.g. depression, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa) †¢ Imbalance of neurotransmitters (anorexia nervosa and depression – serotonin, schizophrenia – depression †¢ Hormones (anorexia nervosa: cortisol, orexin) †¢ Cognitive †¢ Cognitive theorists believe that abnormality is caused by unrealistic, distorted or irrational understanding, perceptions and thoughts about oneself, others or the environment. Abnormal behavior is also causedRead MoreThe Psychology Of Abnormal Behavior2157 Words   |  9 PagesThe Psychology of Abnormal Behavior can be describe as has having a behavior that deviates form what is the expected and normal. If abnormal psychology is the study of unusual patterns of behavior, emotion and though, then Hollywood depiction of mental disorder in the movie Helen meets the criterion of the teaching of Dr. Conley’s Abnormal Psychology class. Goole Play synopsis of the 2008 Sandra Nettelbeck’s Helen. On the outside, Helen( Aheley Judd) has the perfect life a loving family, a beautifulRead More Abnormal Behavior Essays2389 Words   |  10 PagesAbnormal behavior was once viewed as an embarrassment to society. Those who suffered from a mental illness or displayed abnormal behavior were locked away and never spoken of. Today abnormal behavior is viewed much differently. With the study of psychology and the help of the medical field, abnormal behavior has become better understood. This essay will discuss the major theories for the cause of abnormal behavior, how abnormal behavior is diagnosed and what type of behavioral issues are relatedRead MoreAbnormal Behavior And Aberrant Behavior1292 Words   |  6 Pagesaberrant behavior share some common aspects, namely, deviance, dysfunction, danger and distress (â€Å"four Ds†). In other words, mental aberration patterns are usually deviant (atypical, out of the ordinary, radical, possibly even strange), distressing (distasteful and disturbing to the individual), potentially dangerous, and dysfunctional (hampering the individual’s capacity of carrying out everyday tasks constructively). Such a broad description provides a valuable basis for examining the abnormal phenomenaRead MoreAbnormal P sychology. Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior20707 Words   |  83 Pages3 CHAPTER Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior CHAPTER OUTLINE HOW ARE ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS METHODS OF ASSESSMENT 80–99 CLASSIFIED? 70–77 The Clinical Interview The DSM and Models of Abnormal Behavior Computerized Interviews Psychological Tests STANDARDS OF ASSESSMENT 77–80 Neuropsychological Assessment Reliability Behavioral Assessment Validity Cognitive Assessment Physiological Measurement SOCIOCULTURAL AND ETHNIC FACTORS IN ASSESSMENT 99–100 SUMMING UP 100–101 TRead MoreCase Study-Abnormal Behavior1484 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study in Abnormal Behavior Valvita Isaac PSY/410 April 4, 2011 Dr. Melda Jones CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY: I certify that the attached paper, which was produced for the class identified above, is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or by anyone else for any class. I further declare that I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any and all assistance of any kind, which I received whileRead MorePathological Psychology : Abnormal Behavior948 Words   |  4 Pages According to the modern perspective of abnormal psychology, abnormal behavior exists when an individual is behaving dangerously and/or showing patterns of behavior that are dysfunctional. Nevertheless, determining insanity among sanity has proven to be much more complicated than it sounds. An individual whose behavior strays from societal standards is not necessarily abnormally deviant or insane. John Hu simply exhibits behaviors that are different from that of typical European/French social norm sRead MorePsychology : Psychopathology And Abnormal Behavior1827 Words   |  8 PagesPsychopathology and Abnormal Behavior Introduction The developments of psychopathology and abnormal behavior sciences have achieved significant progress. However, key issues that seek to determine various causes and presentations of psychopathology continue to emerge. Notably, the identification of a better model or perspective that explains psychopathology better than other models continue to elicit varied debates. The prevalence of psychopathology and abnormal behavior is explained by the psychodynamicRead MoreThe Effects Of Abnormal Behavior On The Context Of Psychology1394 Words   |  6 PagesDavidson and Neale suggested the following attributes of abnormal psychology: â€Å"Abnormal psychology includes such characteristics as statistical infrequently, violation of [societal] norms, personal distress, disability or dysfunction, and unexpectedness† (Davidson and Neale, 2). In my view, the definition of abnormal behaviour in the context of psychology has three parts. First, there must be an observable manifestation of abnormality. You must be able to observe the â€Å"disturbance in an individual

Business and Service Industries

Question: You have decided to open up a restaurant in London serving fast food takeaway. You would like to open up 1 restaurant initially and then in a few years open more restaurants in in London. You need to prepare a report to potential investors how you plan to fund and price your products. Answer: Introduction We have decided to open a restaurant in the great city of London. The restaurant will be in nature of fast food takeaway. We have decided to open one such restaurant during first year of operations and we shall expand our business once this restaurant is settled operationally. Sources of Funds available for Business and Service Industries According to Brooks (2009), every business and service industry has following sources to finance its business operations: Equity Share Capital funds from: Friends and Relatives Angel Investors Loan Funds from: Friends and Relatives Venture Capital funds Small business schemes Retained Profit Debt Factoring Equity share capital is the primary source of finance for every business. It is permanent source of finance. Moreover, payment of dividend is no compulsory on equity shares. The company can pay dividend only if it has profits and directors declare dividend. However, as the equity shareholders bear the risk, it is more risky. Moreover, as the dividend is not tax deductible, it also increases cost of equity capital. Equity capital can be raised from existing investors if they are ready to make further investment in the company. It can also be raised from friends and relatives if they are ready to make participation in the ownership of the company. Angel investors are also keen to invest in start up companies with potential to grow big in size and provide huge returns. They can be very good source of finance for start up companies with solid fundamentals (Higgins, 2007). The company can also finance its operations through debt. Debt capital is more flexible as compared to equity as the company can raise and repay debt as per its requirement. Moreover, cost of debt is lower as compared to equity as interest is tax deductible. The company can increase return of equity shareholders with the help of positive financial leverage. However, debt capital carries more risk as the company has to pay interest on debt even if it does not have profits. If the company is unable to serve interest and principle timely, debt holders can demand liquidation of the company. Therefore, debt capital increases financial risk of company. The company can raise debt from friends and relatives if its requirement is low to medium. However, if the finance requirement is high, the company will have to approach bank and bank will finance the company after completing credit check and document formalities. The company will have to mortgage its assets with bank for the purpose of obta ining debt. The company can also raise long term debt from venture capital funds. These funds provide long term finance with flexible interest rate and repayment schedule to start up companies. The rate of interest can be low during the initial stage to support profitability of the company and interest rate can increase at growth stages. Moreover, moratorium is also provided for repayment of principle (James, 2010). Retained profit is also very important source of finance for the company. The company can retain the profit in the business instead of distributing it to the owners if it has cash requirement. The company can get this finance without any cost. The owners will also be happy as the company is employing their funds profitably (Yescombe, 2002). Creditors are also very important source of financing working capital of the company. The company can negotiate with the suppliers for better credit terms and it can also request the suppliers to enhance credit period to support its working capital requirement. The biggest advantage of this source is that it comes without any additional cost if terms are properly negotiated (Yescombe, 2002). The company can also discount its accounts receivables with the factoring company and get finance against its accounts receivables. This debt can be repaid from proceeds of accounts receivables (Yescombe, 2002). Thus, it can be said that there are various sources of finance for the business and it can raise finance according to its requirement. Source of Income According to Neal Pike (2009), income generation is very essential for every business to survive and prosper. We have designed a unique business model for our restaurant. Therefore, we would be able to generate income from various sources such as; - Sales - Commission - Sponsorship - Grants The primary source of our revenue will be selling of fast food. We shall target young students and jobbers to sale our food. These customers are always looking for quality food at reasonable price and they are also heath conscious. We believe that we will be able to get good share of these customers as we have kept our prices very reasonable looking to the overall market rates. Moreover, we shall serve best quality food. We will also sell readymade foods of large retailers. We have already signed long term contract with two such retailers. These retailers already have base of royal customers. We shall utilize the market strength of these retailers and sell their products through our restaurants. We will get commission of 10% on food sell on behalf of them. We will also accept sponsorship from local companies to market their products. Our restaurant will be situated in the middle of the city. Moreover, we will have regular young and earning customers. Therefore, local companies will be interested in advertising with us. We are also eligible for local government grants as we are a new enterprise with young entrepreneur. This grant will help us meet our operational expenses during the initial stages. Financial Analysis Cost Analysis Variable Cost per unit of fast food will be as under: Particulars Amount Materials 5.00 Consumables 1.00 Labour 2.00 Total Variable Cost 8.00 We will purchase best quality materials from the local city area. The material will cost 5.00 per fast food. The material cost is very high because of its quality. This quality is very important for the restaurant as it wants to develop long term royal customers. Consumables will cost 1.00 per unit. This consists of various small items required for the purpose of preparing the food item. We will employ skilled workers on contract basis. These workers will be paid 2.00 per fast food item prepared by them. These workers already have very long experience of preparing quality food in other restaurants. Therefore, they will ensure quality food with good test. Fixed Costs per month will be as under: Particulars Amount Rent 1,000 Salaries 2,000 Marketing Expenses 500 Administrative Expenses 600 Maintenance Expenses 400 Total Fixed Expenses 4,500 We will run our restaurant in a rented premises instead of own premises. This will save us from huge investment at the initial stage. We have executed a long term contract with the landlord to use this premises for the purpose of our restaurant with an option to purchase the premises after 5 years. The monthly rent will be 1,000 per month during first year of operations. We will also hire full time staff for the purpose of smooth running of the restaurant. This includes a restaurant manager to oversee operations of the whole restaurant and helpers to assist the manager. Monthly salary of 2,000 will be paid to these employees. The promoters believe in the magic of marketing. Therefore, they will spend 500 per month for the purpose of marketing the restaurant. The marketing will be targeted at our target customers so that it is effective and value for money is received. This exercise will help create awareness about the restaurant and build brand of the restaurant in the long run. The restaurant will be able to charge premium price for its brand. Therefore, marketing expense is very essential part of total expenses. We will also employ one administrative staff for the purpose of day to day administration of the restaurant. Moreover, it will have to incur various administrative expenses such as electricity, stationary, telephone, utility etc. These expenses will add up to 600 per month. We will also have to incur heavy expenses on maintenance. The regular maintenance of furniture and other items is very essential in restaurant business. Therefore, we will spend 400 per month for this purpose. Revenue Analysis We will price our fast food products at 12 per unit. This price has been arrived after evaluating detailed market research carried out by an independent market research firm; price charged by other restaurants for similar products and cost structure of the restaurant. We firmly believe that we would be able to sell our products at this price. There will be no need to offer discount to customers as the selling price is already competitive. Break Even Analysis The selling price of fast food is 12 per unit whereas variable cost per unit is 8. Therefore, contribution margin is calculated as under: Particulars Amount Selling Price 12 Variable Cost 8 Contribution 4 Contribution Margin Ratio 33.33% Thus, it can be seen from the above table that contribution margin ratio of the restaurant is 33.33%. The fixed expenses of the restaurants are 4,500 per month. Therefore, breakeven point is calculated as under: Particulars Amount Fixed Expenses 4,500 Contribution Per Unit 4 Breakeven units 1,125 Breakeven Revenue 13,500 Thus, it can be seen from the above calculations that breakeven sales are 1,125 units and breakeven sales revenue is 13,500. The restaurant must generate this revenue to avoid loss. Profitability Analysis The management plans to generate after tax profit of 7,000 per month from the fast food business. As the tax rate is 30%, before tax profit required is 10,000 month. The target revenue for this profit is calculated as under: Particulars Amount Fixed Expenses 4,500 Target before Tax Profit 10,000 Total Target Contribution 14,500 Contribution Per Unit 4 Target Units 3,625 Target Sales Revenue 43,500 Thus, the restaurant must generate sales revenue of at least 43,500 to generate after tax profit of 7,000 per month. The restaurant will also get commission of 2,000 for selling products of other retailers and sponsorship revenues are expected to be 500 per month. It has been assumed on conservative side that the restaurant will not get any government grant. Further, simplicity of calculations, it has been assumed that no expenses will be required for the purpose of earning commission and sponsorship. Projected Profit Loss Statement Projected Profit Loss Statement of the restaurant for first month of operations is as under: Particulars Amount Sales Revenue 43,500 Cost of Goods Sold: Material 18,125 Consumables 3,625 Labours 7,250 29,000 Gross Profit 14,500 Other Income: Commission 2,000 Sponsorship Revenue 500 2,500 Fixed Expenses: Rent 1,000 Salaries 2,000 Marketing Expenses 500 Administrative Expenses 600 Maintenance Expenses 400 4,500 Profit before Tax 12,500 Tax @ 30% 3,750 Profit after Tax 8,750 Thus, it can be seen from the above projections that the restaurant will generate gross profit of 14,500 and net profit of 8,750 per month. Stock and Cash Controls Stock Controlling Methods Stock controlling is very essential for safeguarding assets of the company as stock is one of the major inputs for the purpose of making the food. Moreover, as our stock consists of food items, it is even more essential. We will establish following controls for the stock: We will set minimum and maximum level of stock for each item of raw material. This will ensure that adequate quantity of material is available for the purpose of making food. Setting minimum level will ensure that we dont have to miss the sales opportunity in the absence of raw material. The non-availability of raw material will result in loss of customer to the other competitor and loss of image of the company. Similarly, maximum level will ensure that there is no over investment in stock. Out stock is a perishable item and it lost its ingredients and values very quickly. The excess investment will result in wastage and unnecessary carrying cost. Therefore, setting maximum level is very essential (Avis, 2008). We will also set re-order levels for each item of material after considering its monthly requirement and lead time. This will ensure that material is timely available as and when required and there is no over investment. This will also remove subjectivity of purchase department regarding placing order (Avis, 2008). We will also set economic order quantities after considering re-order level, ordering cost and carrying cost. This will ensure that inventories are ordered in optimum quantities resulting in lowest ordering and carrying cost (Avis, 2008). We will also establish system of just in time system to control inventory level as our materials are of perishable nature. We have made long term strategic arrangement with the suppliers. We will place purchase order as per the requirement and suppliers will ensure timely delivery. This will reduce investment in inventory and wastage (Drury, 2007). We will also establish system of periodical physical verification of inventory. This physical verification will be done by persons other than persons engaged in purchase and stores department. This will ensure that physical inventory matches with inventory as per books and this will also reduce theft of material (Drury, 2007). We shall also verify slow moving and non moving items periodically. These items will be recorded and stored separately from regular items. This system will ensure that slow moving and non moving items are disposed off timely and there is no loss because of holding these inventories (Rose, 2008). We shall also conduct constant quality review of our suppliers. We shall establish system of quality check for each of our purchase. This will help us identifying goo quality and inferior quality suppliers. We will reduce business with inferior quality suppliers with the help of this analysis (Rose, 2008). Cash Controlling Methods Cash is also very important component of current assets of the company and it is prone to theft and fraud in the absence of adequate internal control systems. We will establish following systems to control cash: We will segregate cash collection and billing function between different employees. This will ensure that the person collecting cash from customer does not have access to customer ledger and the person maintaining customer ledger does not collect cash (Delena, 2013). We will make policy to deposit daily cash collection in our bank account. This will ensure that excessive cash does not remain with the cashier (Delena, 2013). We shall conduct background check of cashier before employing him. Moreover, he will be required to deposit security amount with us (Tracy, 2013). The cash will be stored in safe locker and security will be provided to it. This security person will also accompany the cashier when the cashier goes to bank for cash deposit (Tracy, 2013). We will periodically verify physical cash with cash balance as per books. This verification will be done on surprise without any prior notice (Tracy, 2013). We will periodically obtain balance confirmation from the customers to ensure that cash collections are correctly accounted (Tracy, 2013). Thus, it can be seen from the above discussion that stock and cash can be controlled with effective internal control systems. Conclusion It is clear from the above discussion that our restaurant has very good potential to grow big in size. We have already acquired the premises on long term lease and we have also hired skilled labours. We have also secured selling contracts from the leading retailers. There is large market for our products at our price. This will ensure that we earn profit from the first month of starting the business. References Avis J., 2008, Management Accounting Decision Management, 2008-2009 Edition, Oxford: CIMA Publishing. Brooks R., 2009, Financial Management: Core Concepts, 1st edition, Pearson Education Delena S., 2013, Fraud Analysis: Strategic and Methods for Detection and Prevention, London: Wiley Drury C., Management Cost Accounting, Business Press Thomson Learning Higgins R., 2007, SE edition. Analysis for Financial Management,McGraw-Hill Education James S., 2010, Essentials of Working Capital Management, Wiley Neale B. Pike R., 2009, 6th edition, Corporate Finance and Investment Decisions and Strategies, Prentice Hall Rose H., 2008, Internal Control Policies and Procedures, London: Wiley Tracy J., 2013, Accounting For Dummies, For Dummies Yescombe E.,2002, Principals of Project Finance, Massachuettes: Academic Press

Music PublishingContemporary Trends Click Now To Get Solution

Question: Describe about the music publishing busines? Answer: The music publishing business is connected with developing, valuing and protecting the ethics of contemporary music. It is a diverse scaled business demanding exceptional skills. Music publishers do play an important role in introduction of new music and taking care of the business perspective of allowing composers and all the songwriters to revolve around and concentrate all the resources for the creative work. The primary aim of music publishing is to seek out talented songwriters and encourage them to produce music by providing required facilities. The music publishing industry have been for a long time a part of the multi billion dollar venture (Stuessy, 1990) which has evolved recently at a remarkable pace. Music publishers have become central to the field of contemporary mainstream music starting from the time of 15th century marking the invention of Gutenberg press till the development of music copyrights from the 17th century rising up till 20th century. The present trends of music publishing industry have been altered at a drastic rate with downfall of the physical merchandize such as compact discs or cassettes and replacement with the new multi streamed revenue sources such as digital streaming, mobile music outlets, wireless music subscription services (Gibson, 2004) etc. This report would dwell deeper into the current trends in the music publishing industry along with having an insight into some real life examples and practical case studies for the changes in the music publishing industry. These changing trends can guide the songwriter to launch the music in the publishing industry in a contemporary format to gain maximum of the profits and secure the future success based over various revenue streams and multiple alternatives for launch. The main task of music publishers consist of pitching the relevant material to the potential audience in the aim of maximizing the profits and earnings of the writers and publishers and to collect the license fees from the broadcasters, commercial venues, some foreign royalty organizations and from sheet music and sync licenses. The year 2008 did bring a lot of drastic changes in the publishing industry of UK. The music publishers active in the region had many failed attempts in order to create a pan European regime for licensing (Throsby, 2002) but now all the major publishers of the nation have withdrawn the exclusive rights for digital distribution from European societies like MCP. Based over the type of the licenses provided by the music publishing companies, the market is segmented into public performance, folio license, reproduction, mechanical or synchronization each having different attributes and different modes of revenue at different set prices. Also, they are handled by many governing bodies and the licenses have to be attained separately. There was a shocking phase for the music publishing industry in the early years of 2000 when there was a high rise growth of file sharing and piracy (Fox, 2004). Many of the investor and stakeholders were quite skeptical about the growth and future of the music industry and publishing assets. But, the savior were the rise of legal alternatives for the consumption of music offered to the listeners in an affordable and convenient way. However, the royalty revenue have remained stable in the duration of past 15 to 20 year duration attracting many huge investors to the music publishing. The present position of the publishing industry is generation of about six billion dollars per year at a global level. The Alliance was formed between PRS and MCP (Rothenbuhler, 1982) during which the music publishing industry of UK established itself primarily as a global leader in the early years. The pan European position have been settled now with the internet distribution having access to both performance rights catering to communicating with the public and the mechanical rights referring to the copy in each and every transactional process. The result of the rights was formation of Joint Online License (Cunningham, 2002) which was a very creative and innovative approach and a platform that allowed any of the service may it be offered downloads, streamed music or subscription access for music publishing to operate in UK all falling under one agreement. This concept was adopted further by many other societies and groups. But the intended simplification turned into a collapsed system as the one stop shop for all the music enthusiasts as a single pan European license failed to create the intended im pact. Further, the EMI Music became one of the first publisher to independently set up a joint venture with The Alliance group and GEMA, the German society. This collaboration was famous as CELAS offering digital rights (Tom 2009) to Anglo-American stock on the basis of the pan European. Some of the real life examples showing collaborations for the solutions in the music publishing agency are joining of Sony ATV with GEMA known as PAECOL, and collaboration of Universal with SACAM in France. The present position in the UK music industry pertains with obtaining the licenses for any kind of major commercial work or offering any online service relating to the music from each of the group CELAS, Universal, PAECOL and PEDL (Hull, 2011). The major issue is that only two of these publishing bodies follow up English law making the situation difficult. Presently the system has put barriers to entry for all the new online providers of music. This industry is presently witnessing the course alteration transformation with a plummeting sales of some physical albums and conversion of the entire industry over the digital space and platform. With the state of flux there are various opportunities provided for the aspiring music publishers and song writers. A Performing Rights Organization (PRO) represents the music publishers and thereafter, pays them with the performance royalties when the song are played in the public domain (Scott, 1999). In practice, whenever these songs are played on television, radio, clubs or other restaurants or are performed live the writer is provided a right to be compensated and the role of the governing body SESAC is to ensure the payment to the writers. The staff of publishers and writers are one of the best as per the talent meter in the development stage as they are introduced with the songwriter partners and the potential mentors to understand the intricacies and technicalities of the business. Music licensing have also emerged being a major focal point of consideration for the purpose of revenue and exposure for the new talent in the music publishing industry. Now a days the labels and artists can make a huge sum of money by licensing their music to television shows, corporate videos, computer games, web based videos, indies, documentaries, applications, mobile phone tunes (Dane, 1998), advertising commercials, feature films and other forms of newly emerging media. It is a form of direct revenue from the licensing fees in addition to royalties obtained from sync placements. It has become a good catalyst for career making and gives good exposure to artists. Copyright is one of the most important asset owned by a musician to maximize the income and expand the exposure. It is a form of intellectual property owned by a musician in the form of documentation. The ownership rights give control of distributing, performing publically, reproducing, creative directives of displaying them. The musical composition copyright can be given to both the compose and the lyricist at equal share and the creators have the exclusive rights to have a control and monitoring of who all can produce records or copies of their songs which can be granted in the form of mechanical license or royalties. On the other hand, there is involvement of record labels, artists and producers transferring ownership of their copyrights known as artist royalties. Both of these licenses have to be obtained differently by the governing bodies. In terms of opening up a new publishing company, there is a need to affiliate the newly opened company with any of the three performing rights organizations, one of them being like SESAC. The approval of the whole process might take the time of about 6 weeks. On the other way round, the company can register works for live performance payments that allows independent music publishers of the songwriters to earn additional royalties. Forms have to be filled with the copyright office with the permission of the PRO. The latest noticeable trend is of music publishing development deal where some of the major publishing companies can offer advance to the songwriter or the artist in anticipation of a successful career in the future with good record deals. This is one of the dream opportunity given to the artists as the publishing company handle the expenses of professional learning and grooming in music industry. For example, Paula Cole entered into the industry by the means of advance deals and earned a lot of royalties for himself and the sponsoring publishers. This goes on with the procedure that the publisher offers a huge sum of about twelve thousand to thirty thousand dollars in advance for one year deal (Power, 2002) and in return the artist have to give fifty per cent of the publishing rights of all the songs written in the agreement duration. Recently, there are some of the positive factors that are having influence over the dynamics in the publishing industry. The termination of the licenses and transfers provision for the Copyright Act giving writers a chance to reclaim their rights. The royalty earnings are likely to be boosted up in the upcoming years and in the near future due to enormous and explosive growth of the platforms of digital media such as Spotify, YouTubes Music Key, and Deezer. YouTube has become one of the great ally for the music licensing and publishing industry giving an incredible fortune and platform to seekers. Web based advertising and music branding have collaborated innovatively to grow rapidly in the industry. YouTube has accumulated billions of play on videos using copyrighted music and they under the rule of YouTube monetization policy (Wikstrm, 2013) have to give royalties pertaining to all the views. The uploader of the video needs to get permission from the copyright owner as well as the performing master and from the side of the publisher, he needs to gain a synch license and from the label concerned he needs to fetch a master use license in the present times of contemporary digital media publishing. Royalty Exchange is a startup formed in the year of 2011 to create a marketplace where it will be easy to auction the royalty revenue stream to the attributed investors. Many songwriters can use this as a platform to share a part of the royalty income. One of the very live example is the producer and the songwriter Preston Glass working with Natalie Cole, Whitney Houston and Aretha Franklin auctioned about 15 songs of himself by the medium of this Royalty Exchange Platform (Preston, 2011). He raised a sum of 158,000 dollars from an investor who is benefited by receiving a cut of the songs when they are played on the media modes or is streamed digitally online. The company takes up 2.5 % from buyer and about 5 to 12.5 per cent from the seller. This Royalty Exchange has sold more than the amount of 2 million for more than 2000 songs. It is expected that the platform will significantly expand once the SEC will pass the final regulations over the JOBS Acts general solicitation rules. The renowned name of Irving Azoff in the music industry as an ex Chairman of Live Nation and dealer and manager of record industry have colonized the publishing space. Global Music Rights company was formed with collaboration of Azoff with PRO heads and managers that offers licensing, collection and distributing services for the exclusive rights (Nash, 2010) that are granted to very few number of artists. A multi revenue stream is adopted by the music publishing industry and is popular by the platform of 360 degree deals. The annual value recorded of the British record industry was about 634 million Euros and in which 402 million euros was of the publishing sector (Vogel, 2010) generated from merchandize, fan services and brand partnerships being additional. Presently, the single major internet initiated music publishing challenge and music industry revolution is of the innovation of direct-to-fan in which many labels have missed out the potential revenue means. Though writers have a perception about exploiting their works based over Internet, viral video sites and music search engines but, the song writers need to register the copyrights with the world governing bodies and the performing rights societies and some of the mechanical licensing organization. They also have to review the royalty statements and all the payments received from organizations. In the contemporary times, the agreements of the songwriters with the music publishers are more likely in the direction of helping the finance and the careers of the writers themselves. A publisher may offer advance royalties with all the facilities or in some cases songwriters are secured for the future collaboration over the digital media stream. The present trends have brought in a slightest relief with revering record industry and the difference of about 0.2 % hike from 2012 to 2013 in the music market making the decline end up. Booming and aspiring digital revenues actually played a prime role in renewing the optimism for the industry. The subscription based streaming service is gaining most of the attention with some of the majorly focusing sectors such as iTunes or ad funding in YouTube or some other application Vevo (Hracs, 2012) that have brought in an interesting series of revenue system. Public performance licensing is also becoming one of the key sources of revenues for the record companies. Therefore, the system of 360 degrees (Throsby, 2002) and multi revenue streams with incoming of digital media and digital streaming have killed the physical record system and have transformed the entire publishing industry on to a new domain and have opened new opportunities and dimensions for the new artists and aspirants. The new players are entering into the realm of the music publishing industry ranging from private equity funds and going to the record companies due to incoming of diversified revenue streams. Hence, this study provided a deep insight into the recent trends of the music publishing industry giving an idea for the future projects. It is recommended for the songwriter that he may either go for the dream opportunity for an advance collaboration with the music publishing company or try out for the innovative digital streaming revenue modes in a multi dimensional approach. References 1. Stuessy, J., Lipscomb, S. 1990,Rock Roll. Prentice Hall.2. Gibson, C., Klocker, N. 2004, Academic publishing as creativeindustry, and recent discourses of creative economies: some critical reflections,Area, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 423-434.3. Throsby, D. 2002, The music industry in the new millennium: Global and local perspectives,Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity. Paris: UNESCODivision of Arts and Cultural Enterprise.4. Fox, M. 2004, E-commerce business models for the music industry,Popular Music and Society, 27, no. 2, pp. 201-220.5. Rothenbuhler, E. W., Dimmick, J. W. 1982, Popular music: Concentration and diversity in the industry, 19741980,Journal of Communication, 32, no. 1, pp. 143-149.6. Cunningham, S. D. 2002, From cultural to creative industries: Theory, industry, and policy implications,Media international Australia incorporating culture and policy: quarterly journal of media research and resources, no. 102, pp. 54-65.7. Tom Frederikse, 2009, Major changes in the UK Music Publishing Industry, Available: https://www.musiclawupdates.com/?p=1838, [Accessed: 28/5/2015].8. Hull, G. P., Hutchison, T. W., Strasser, R. 2011,The Music business and recording industry: Delivering music in the 21st century, Taylor Francis.9. Scott, A. J. 1999, The US recorded music industry: on the relations between organization, location; and creativity, in the cultural economy,Environment and Planning A, 31, no. 11, pp. 1965-1984.10. Dane, C., Laing, D. 1998, The UK music industry: Some recent developments,Cultural Trends, 8, no. 31, pp. 3-23.11. Power, D., Hallencreutz, D. 2002, Profiting from creativity? The music industry in Stockholm, Sweden and Kingston, Jamaica,Environment and Planning A, 34, no. 10, pp. 1833-1854.12. Wikstrm, P. 2013,The music industry: Music in the cloud, Polity.13. Preston, P., Rogers, J. 2011, Social networks, legal innovations and the new music industry,info, 13, no. 6, pp. 8-19.14. Nash, R. 2010, Publishing 2020,Publishing Research Quar terly, 26, no. 2, pp. 114-118.15. Vogel, H. L. 2010,Entertainment industry economics: A guide for financial analysis, Cambridge University Press.16. Hracs, B. J. 2012, A creative industry in transition: the rise of digitally driven independent music production, Growth and Change, 43, no. 3, pp. 442-461.